Retort incandescent light.



PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.

0. A. MYGATT. RETORT INGANDESGENT- LIGHT.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 5. 1901.

N0 MODEL.

Batented March 29, 1904.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

. OTIS A. MYGATT, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

RETORT INCANDESCENT LIGHT..

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 755,687, dated March29, 1904. Application filed April 5, 1901- Serial-No. 54,?07. 7(N0model.)

.To all whom it may concern.-

- Be itknown thatLOTIS A. MYeA'r'nresiding at New York, in the county ofNew York and ture of air and gas in achamber, which secures a moreperfect mixture and combustion of the gases than where no such chamberis employed. In most burners of this character the aim is to secure ascomplete combustion as possible, so as to produce a high temperature atthe mantle; but, so far as I am aware, such combustion has notheretofore been confined in a combustion-chamber.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a simple form of burner involving. myburner. Fig. 2 is a section of the same modified as to the injector orjet. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of an enlarged burner with compoundchamber. Fig. 4: is a similar section of burner with compoundcombustion-chamber.

Let A indicate a gas-burner of ordinary construction. The passage of gasthrough burner A tends to draw in air about the nozzle, and the air andgas together pass into the chamber B. A cup-retort or cupel C is made offire-brick, clay, refractory metal, or other material which will retainits form under a very high temperature. Within this cup or cupel thereis a combustion-chamber B. The chamber is preferably arched at the top,so that the gas or mixed gas and air which is blown into the open end ofthe cup near the center reverts in flames when combustion is going on,and the flame and products of com bustion curl round the lower end oredge of the chamber, and so among the fibers or against the film of themantle or other material desired to be incandescent.

Fig. 2 is a modification wherein an injectorvorable for intense heat.-intensely heated, as to a white heat.

burner is used. A A indicate diagrammaticpipes. The cupel or retort C isas described in the former example. Outside the cup G there is hung amantle or tassels or shreds of material such as used in the constructionof mantles, as indicated at D. In this form of burner the mixture of airand gas begins to be effected as soon as these bodies are broughttogether, and the mixing effect continues within the cup-or retort. Theflame is ignited at the end of nozzle A. Instead of burning in the openair the mixed air and gas make a thorough mixture within thecombusition-chamber and are protected from the re- 5 tarding action ofthe cold outer air. The combustion within the chamber secures both:chemical and mechanical combination of the elements of combustion underconditions fa- The cup 0 becomes The conducted heat from the chamberhighly heats the filaments, shreds, or tassels of material D, v which isluminous when highly heated. The

flame and products of combustion flowing round thev bottom of cup G turnupward and envelop the shreds or tassels D and heat the same to a Veryhigh temperature. By forcing the gas into the chamber under'pressure avery intense combustion may be obtained,

and the mantle or filaments D will be protected by the cup or cupel fromthe direct action of such a blast or current of gas and flame as wouldbreak up and destroy ordinary v mantles as heretofore used.

, Fig. 3 is a modification in which the lower edge of the cup 0 ispartly within the annular deflector E. This deflectorhas a centralpassage for the air and gas and has an annular concave surface justbelow the edge of cup-G, which surface deflects or reflects the flame.The outer surface of the cup C may have rings or bosses B thereon tosustain the filaments of mantle material away from too close contactwith the cup or cupel. The retort may be suspended above the gas-nozzlein any suitable manner. A knob B will answer the purpose, the rodextending from any suitable support. The reflector or deflecting ring orcup E permits the entrance of the gas or gas ally the usual arrangementof gas and air and air through the central openings and guides theincoming current. The air and gas being ignited while mixing and beingimpelled forward by a blast from the nozzle, as Well as by its owncombustion, spreads against the walls of cup C and is driven back intothe cupring E. By the ring E the flame and heat are deflected outwardlyand upwardly through the filaments, shreds, or tassels D of mantlematerial, and this material is heated to a very high degree. Thematerial D may be simply hung on the retort B or thrown loosely thereon,and when partly burned away may be replaced in the same manner. Thedeflector-ring E may be modified in form to suit the circumstances ofthe case. It will be adjusted to such distance from the cupel B as willbest secure such confinement of the gases and deflection of the heat asmay be advisable for the circumstances of the case.

In Fig. 4 I indicate in dotted lines a support for the deflector E; butany suitable support may be used. The cup C may have shoulders B tosupport the mantle material loosely from the retort. The shreds areintended to be merely hung on the retort. With a device of thischaracter I may employ a blast of steam along with gas, or withhydrocarbon will give a most intense heat, and therefore secure thehigher degree of luminosity by incandescence. The cup or cupel C and thering E when the latter is employed become intensely heated and may thenbe themselves luminous; but they serve, further, to confine and directthe gases of combustion, producing a more intense combustion, and alsoto protectthe deli cate material of the mantle or tassels and to impartheat to this material while holding it in position for incandescentheating. A large part of the cost of mantles as usually constructed isthus saved. So mantles or the eqivalent of mantles may be made of anysize, as the delicate films, fibers, or shreds are supported andprotected by the retort.

While I have described the retort as over the nozzle, these terms arerelative. The po-' sitions of the partsmay be changed as occasionwarrants. V r

The combustion of the gas or combustible mixture in a retort gives amuch more intense heat than when the combustion takes place in the openair. The mantle of this invention is thus heated to a much highertemperature by means of gases burned in a retort than it can be by gasesmechanically mixed in a mixing-chamber,whether superheated or not, and

then burned in the open air in proximity to a mantle.

What I claim is l. The combination, in an incandescent burner, of agas-supply pipe and an air-supply conduit surrounding the same, aninverted cup or cupel of refractory material over the mouth of saidpipe, and forming a combustionchamber, and filaments of mantle materialresting on the outer surface of the cup or cupel,

with their lower ends near the edges of the cupel, substantially asdescribed.

2. The combination, in a gaslight of the character described, of agas-supply pipe and an air-supply conduit in proximity thereto, aninverted cup of fire clay over the mouth of the gas-pipe, whereby acombustion-chamber is produced, a ring having a concave deflecting-faceunder the edge of said cup, and shreds of mantle material supported bythe outer surfaces of the cup and ring, substantially as described.

3. In an incandescent illuminator, the combination of a gas-supply tubeand an air-supply conduit, a cup or cupel of fire-clay or similarmaterial inverted over the gas-supply tube and forming a combustionchamber with its mouth toward said tube, and filaments of mantlematerial supported on the outside of the cup or cupel and having theirends projecting, so that the flame curving around the lower edges of thecupel encounters the filaments.

4. The combination of a gas-supply tube, an air supply conduit. and acup of refractory material with its mouth over said tube and passage,said oup being thecombustion-chamber, external shoulders'on the cup, andshreds of mantle material resting on said shoulders.

5. In an incandescent gas-light, the combination of a cupel of fire-clayor like material inside of which gas combustion takes place, and outerfilaments of mantle material resting on and supported by the cupel.

6. The combination of a gas-supply pipe, an

air supply conduit, a retort into which said passages open, andfilaments of material which is incandescent when highly heated, inproximity to the retort, and in position to be heated therefrom.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

OTIS A. MYGATT.

Witnesses? I. H. FERGUSON, CHAS. K. DAVIES.

